Tuesday, December 31, 2019

The Genius of the American Constitution - 1000 Words

The Genius of the American Constitution Since the advent of human government, one of the principle fears held by the constituents of the government has always been to prevent any form of tyranny or abuse within it. Tyranny can be loosely described as one person or a group of people having total power in a government leading to the subjugation and oppression of people’s rights. Many new nations wish to eliminate any aspect of their government that may eventually lead to tyranny. The United States was no different in this respect; the framers of the Constitution longed to have no signs of tyranny in their government because they had gone to war with Britain for that very reason. In 1787, a group of fifty-five delegates came from†¦show more content†¦James Madison in Federalist Paper #51 writes â€Å"Hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. The different governments will each control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself.† This idea of Federalism allows the governments to be supervised by the others while having control over itself. The powers of the government are spilt between the central and state government so neither government could gain more power over the other. The powers that state governments have are more specific to the state then the powers given to the central government. For example, states were given the powers to pass marriage and divorce laws, establish schools, set up local governments among others because these issues differ largely from state to state. Hence, it would make it illogical to give the central government these types of rights because these issues vary from state to state making it an act of tyranny by the majority against the minority. (Document A) The framers of the Constitution recognized that if one person or a group of individuals gets all the powers, tyranny was inevitable and to prevent this it became evident that a separation of powers must be established. The framers acknowledged that it wa s possible to have a tyranny in a democracy as stated in Federalist Paper #47 â€Å"The accumulation of all powers†¦in the same hands†¦, and whether hereditary, self-appointed, or elective†¦ is the very definition of tyranny.† Thus, it was decidedShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Genius of the American Constitution 1094 Words   |  5 Pagespowerful. The challenge was to write a new constitution that was strong enough to hold the country and states together, secure the rights of the people, and not allow a single person, or a group of people to become tyrants. So when the fifty five representatives meet in Philadelphia during May of 1787 to amend the articles, they instead created a new and revolutionary government that was strong, powerful and protected the people against tyranny. The constitution guarded against tyranny by the separationRead MoreWilliam Lloyd Garrison Was A Brave Journalist1585 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Lloyd Garrison was a brave journalist w hose biggest goal was to end the enslavement of African- Americans. In 1805, the inspiring journalist, was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts where he endured extreme poverty. For example, Garrison was abandoned by his father at the age of three and was raised by a single mother. In 1816, Garrison struggled in grammar school and he even said that â€Å"he did not know one single rule of grammar.† Even though, Garrison was ten years old, he was not that brightRead MoreThe United States Of America1171 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of America: the land of the free and the home of the brave. This country is supposed to be a paragon of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness and it has been so preached for generations. The constitution testifies that all men are created equal. It states that all men are free; free from religious prosecution and oppression and exclusion. America’s forefathers fought for their independence, constructed a nation, set their belie fs in stone, and vowed to live accordingly. HistoryRead MoreWilliam Lloyd Garrison:His Impact On The Abolitionist Movement.1188 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Abolitionist Movement William Lloyd Garrison was a leader among the American abolitionists, a self-made journalist, and social reformer. He was world renown, considered one of the most vocal opponents of slavery before the Civil War. Garrison made an impact on the abolitionist movement by promoting non-violent and non-political resistance, calling for the immediate end to slavery as well as equal rights for black Americans. William Lloyd Garrison was born in December 1805 in Newburyport, MassachusettsRead MoreJudicial Restraint/Activism Essay895 Words   |  4 PagesJudicial Restraint/Activism Justice William J. Brennan, Jr. said it the best in his speech to the Text Teaching Symposium, We current Justices read the Constitution in the only way that we can: as Twentieth Century Americans. Justice Brennan also called the Constitution a fundamentally public text and called for its use to resolve public issues. If that is true, then the document must be interpreted from todays perspective - Judicial Activism. However, using only that approach wouldRead MoreEssay on Biography of Alexander Hamilton 1054 Words   |  5 Pagesmerchant Nicholas Cruger, keeping Crugers business records, and coordinating business efforts between the merchant ship captains, government officials, and planters. Cruger and a local Presbyterian minister, Reverend Hugh Knox, recognized Hamiltons genius and persuaded him to leave St. Croix for New York City. Alexander left the island in 1772, never to return again. In New YorkRead MoreAmerica Is Responsible For Transcending The Way Government Functions859 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica is responsible for transcending the way government functions. The idea that people have certain inalienable rights that are God given was revolutionary thinking for the era of the founding fathers. There have been many instances throughout American history where we have failed to live up to the founding principles from the Declaration of Independence, of: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness— for all our citizens— but we have also had many moments of inspiration in being trailblazersRead MoreGeorge Washington : The American Of American National History Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesGeorge Washington stands at the origins of American national history. Many Americans call him â€Å"the father of our country†. Washington commanded the Continental Army in the Revolutionary War. He led the American colonists to freedom from British rule. H e headed the convention that created the U.S. Constitution, as president of the republic Washington has created a basis for a federal government in which the Americans were able to find their national agreement. Despite his accomplishments as a generalRead More freedom of speech Essay1195 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å" Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press† -First Amendment, U.S. Constitution. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;According to the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, one of the basic principles our country is based on is the freedom of speech. Because of this, as eras and ages have passed in this still young and growing country, this amendment has had a greater use then statedRead MoreThe Revolution Of The 19th Century1609 Words   |  7 Pagesman, Simon Bolivar, regarded by many as the greatest genius that the Latin American world has ever produced. His life was profoundly influential on the history of the Americas, and it changed them for the better. The revolution began when Napoleon conquered Spain in the Peninsular war. He then installed his brother Joseph as king of Spain, booting out the Bourbon Dynasty. This inflamed the tensions that had been going on in the Spanish American colonies for a long time, as there were disagreements

Sunday, December 22, 2019

Air Products - International Business Management Process, the Concept Case Study

Essays on Air Products - International Business Management Process, the Concept of Strategic Alliance and How It Helps an Organization in Maximising Its Profits Case Study The paper â€Å"Air Products - International Business Management Process, the Concept of Strategic Alliance and How It Helps an Organization in Maximising Its Profits† is a  breathtaking example of a case study on management. The report provides an in-depth analysis of the Packaged Gases business of the company Air Products. Intensive research on the company was undertaken to understand the current standing of the organization and the environment within which it is operating while applying relevant theory to the data collected on the firm. The paper focuses on four key elements, first and foremost, analysis of the significant external and internal drivers for globalization or localization for this business is being undertaken. This was followed by an analysis of various international strategies that the company may undertake to enter into new regions or expanding its reach in the existing areas. Further, recommendations for the strategies are also developed, while focusing o n the major implications for functional strategies of the corporate strategy.In order to maintain its competitive position in the market, an organization needs to analyze its external and internal business environment on a regular basis. Such an analysis would help in measuring its goals against the current market dynamics and create a differentiator for itself in the marketplace. The external business environment is defined as the factors that are external to an organization wherein the company needs to compete and survive.The report focused on the concept of international business management and discussed the various aspects of undertaking a business venture abroad. It was found that in order to conduct businesses in the international markets, it is essential to formulate a comprehensive strategic management process and consider issues such as dealing with various governments, different currencies, various political and legal systems, diverse cultures, language barriers and differ ence in accounting systems.The report further discusses the various modes or channels through which Air Products may enter into the international market. Some of these channels include exporting, international licensing, international franchising, specialized modes of entry such as contract manufacturing and turnkey project and foreign direct investment. It was found that every process has its own advantages and disadvantages and the organization should adopt the mode that is the best fit for its business model.The paper also focused on the concept of strategic alliance and how it helps an organization in maximizing its resources and profits by sharing information, expertise, knowledge, and expenses with its alliance partner. It further elucidated on the major factors that firms engaged in international business need to take into consideration in communicating with overseas clients and partners which included understanding the cultural differences. The manager should also be able to address the issues of motivating staff and handling workplace diversity. The concept of strategic control is also discussed in the paper and recommendations were provided on how to address the issues arising from international strategic control.The report would discuss the concept of international business management and the various aspects of undertaking a business venture abroad. It would deal with the process of creating a comprehensive strategic management process and the components that are essential to be analyzed before formulating such a process.Communication with the partners and clients is an important component of the success of an international venture. Therefore, the paper would focus on the various elements of effectively communicating with the partners and clients. The concept of strategic control would also be discussed in the paper and recommendations would be provided to address the issues arising from international strategic control.

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Partition of India 1947 Free Essays

In 1600, the British East India Company was established, and in 1858, The India Act allowed for power to be transferred to the British government. The British Government never had complete control, but it certainly had power. The Partition of India happened on August 14th, 1947 and August 15th, 1947. We will write a custom essay sample on Partition of India 1947 or any similar topic only for you Order Now When the British left India on August 15th, 1947 (after the formation of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan), they left the country divided. This led to the formation of Pakistan and India, and later, in 1971, Bangladesh declared its independence from Pakistan. Motivation When the British had occupied India, they categorized the people of India by religion, and treated them as separate groups. A Hindu revival happened around the time of the Partition. They still had bitterness towards Muslims (who had been the predominant rulers of India before the British). They tried to band the slaughter of cows, change the national language to Hindi, and change the Devanagri script to Hindi. Although the Sikhs (who originated in Punjab) were a minority in the population of India, they were conflicted with the Muslims, and were forced to leave Punjab and migrate to Hindu India. (They were not conflicted with Hindus). The All India Muslim League (AIML) started in 1906 with the goal to make Muslims equal in rights to Hindus. At the time, the Indian National Congress was made mostly of Hindus. In 1940, Jinnah (a leader equal to Ghandi, except that he represented Muslims, and Ghandi represented Hindus) stated at the Lahore Conference that promoted a Muslim nation separate from the rest of India. In 1943, the AIML called for Britain to Divide and Quit. Hindus also acknowledged the difference in beliefs that separated them from Muslims. Between 1940 and 1942, Congress began plans to remove the British (the National Congress was calling for Britain to Quit India). Due to the conflicting ideas on the separate sides, the country came close to a civil war many times. Some of the events that started the partition of India are: the Revocation of Partition of Bengal (created anti-British and anti-Hindu feelings), The Lucknow Pact denial, Mantagu-Chelmsford Reforms, Ghandi’s Stayagraha, Congress called for full independence from Britain in 1929, Round table Conferences (dominion status for India, congress doesn’t attend), and Government of India Act 1935 (allows British control over foreign policy and defense, but gives India political provinces and elected local gov. ). Before†¦ During the 16th century, nations looking to extend their power: Portugal, the Netherlands, Denmark, France, and Great Britain, established trading posts in India. When Britain took over power in India there were internal struggles that allowed themselves to gain power in India. After the 12th century, the Mughal Empire came into power. They formed alliances with Rajput Empires, which were considered a threat to the Mughals even after they became allies. The Ahoms of Assam resisted the Mughal Empire. Aurangzeb king of the Mughals enforced Muslim doctrines. The Rajputs and Ahoms rebelled against his reign, and the strict beliefs he imposed on them. By the 1700s, the Sikh Empire (Ahoms of Assam) and the Hindu Marathas were a serious threat to the Mughals. By the mid 18th century, the Mughal Empire had declined, and the Marathas owned a great portion of their land. It was right around then that foreign nations started to come in and set up trade and colonies. A year after (in 1857) the British installed their power in India; there were insurrections from the people of India. They were put under direct rule from the British crown as a result. Between 1860 and 1900, there were the worst famines India had ever experienced, and caused 14. 5 million people to die. In 1939, India went to war with Germany (WWII). However, Indian nationalists wish to overthrow the British rule in India, and joined forces with the Axis powers. Needless to say, they didn’t win the war. In 1943, there was mass food hoarding due to poor food distribution and high prices of food, which caused a famine. Effects There were 500,000 deaths as a result of the fight for independence, and the migration of Hindus to India, Sikhs to India, and the Muslims to Pakistan. Kashmir was a part of the territory that is still disputed to this day (between the countries India and Pakistan, and at some places, China). The Kashmir conflict resulted in the Indo-Pakistani Wars of 1947, 1965, and 1999. The First Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 began in October 1947 when the Maharajah of the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu was pressured to decide to join either Pakistan or India. Britain became involved and it passed Resolution 47 that instituted the line of control in December 1948. Pakistan got northern and western areas of Kashmir, and India got southern, central and northeastern areas. The Second Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 began in 1965 when Pakistan launched Operation Gibraltar; a plan which allowed for troops to infiltrate Jammu and Kashmir and overthrow Indian rule there. India responded, and war ensued for 5 weeks. It was ended with the British assisted Tashkent Declaration. The Third Indo-Pakistani War of 1999 began with Pakistan occupying the Kargil district that was lawfully Indian land. The Pakistani retreated with Indian military threat looming and foreign diplomatic pressure. Today, India controls 43% of Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan 37%, and China 20%. Many Sikhs and Hindu Punjabis settled in the Indian parts of Punjab and Delhi. Most of the Hindus ended up in Eastern and Northeastern India, and some were sent to the Andaman Islands, causing them to become more populated. The Sindhi people’s cultures were very much disturbed. When they migrated to India, the government had to build refugee camps for the masses that were pouring in. It strained the economy, and caused disorder. They lost much of their heritage and history in the confusion that the migration had caused. Pakistan became a bit less populated. Its population had decreased by approx. 23,000 (because more people had left than Muslims had come). How to cite Partition of India 1947, Essay examples

Friday, December 6, 2019

Capital Punishment deters murder, and is just Retr Essay Example For Students

Capital Punishment deters murder, and is just Retr Essay ibution. Capital punishment, is the execution of criminals by the state, forcommitting crimes, regarded so heinous, that this is the onlyacceptable punishment. Capital punishment does not only lower themurder rate, but its value as retribution alone is a good reason forhanding out death sentences. Support for the death penalty in theU.S. has risen to an average of 80% according to an article written byRichard Worsnop, entitled Death penalty debate centres onRetribution, this figure is slightly lower in Canada where supportfor the death penalty is at 72% of the population over 18 years ofage, as stated in article by Kirk Makir, in the March 26, 1987 editionof the Globe and Mail, titled B.C. MPs split on Death Penalty. The death penalty deters murder by putting the fear of deathinto would be killers. A person is less likely to do something, if heor she thinks that harm will come to him. Another way the deathpenalty deters murder, is the fact that if the killer is dead, he willnot be able to kill again. Most supporters of the death penalty feel that offenders shouldbe punished for their crimes, and that it does not matter whether itwill deter the crime rate. Supporters of the death penalty are infavour of making examples out of offenders, and that the threat ofdeath will be enough to deter the crime rate, but the crime rate isirrelevant. According to Isaac Ehrlichs study, published on April 16,1976, eight murders are deterred for each execution that is carriedout in the U.S.A. He goes on to say, If one execution of a guiltycapital murderer deters the murder of one innocent life, the executionis justified. To most supporters of the death penalty, like Ehrlich,if even 1 life is saved, for countless executions of the guilty, it isa good reason for the death penalty. The theory that society engagesin murder when executing the guilty, is considered invalid by mostsupporters, including Ehrlich. He feels that execution of convictedoffenders expresses the great value society places on innocent life. Isaac Ehrlich goes on to state that racism is also a point usedby death penalty advocates. We will use the U.S. as examples, sincewe can not look at the inmates on death row in Canada, because theirare laws in Canada that state that crime statistics can not be basedon race, also the fact that there are no inmates on death row inCanada. In the U.S. 16 out of 1000 whites arrested for murder aresentenced to death, while 12 of 1000 blacks arrested for murder weresentenced to death. 1.1% of black inmates on death row were executed,while 1.7% of white inmates will die. Another cry for racism, as according to Ehrlich, that is raisedby advocates of the death penalty is based on the colour of thevictim, for example if the victim is white, it is more likely thatthe offender will get the death penalty than if the victim had beenblack. This is true, if you look at the actual number of people whoare murder. More people kill whites and get the death penalty, thenpeople who kill blacks and get the death penalty. The reason for thisis that more whites are killed, and the murders captured. Now if welook at the number of blacks killed it is a lot less, but you haveto look at these numbers proportionately. Percent wise it is almostthe same number for any race, so this is not the issue. .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5 , .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5 .postImageUrl , .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5 , .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5:hover , .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5:visited , .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5:active { border:0!important; } .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5:active , .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5 .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u50ef99cdb42e45b284b5135c8758b4e5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tess Of The DUbervilles EssayIn a 1986 study done by Professor Stephen K. Layson of theUniversity of North Carolina, the conclusions made by Ehrilich wereupdated, and showed to be a little on the low side as far as thedeterrence factor of capital punishment. Professor Layson found that18 murders were deterred by each execution is the U.S. He also foundthat executions increases in probability of arrest, conviction, andother executions of heinous offenders. According to a statement issued by George C. Smith, Director ofLitigation, Washington Legal Foundation, titled In Support of theDeath Penalty, support for the death penalty has grown in the U.S.,as the crime rate increased. In 1966, 42% of Americans were in favourof capital punishment while 47% were opposed to it. Since the crimerate United states has increased, support for the capital punishmenthas followed suit. In 1986, support for capital punishment was 80%for and only 17% against with 3% undecided, but most of the undecidedvotes said they were leaning toward a pro capital punishment stance,if they had to vote on it immediately. Let us now focus on Canada. The last two people to beexecuted, in Canada were Arthur Lucas and Ron Turpin. They wereexecuted on December 11, 1962. The executions in Canada were carriedout by hanging. The death penalty was abolished in Canada in thelatter part of 1976, after a debate that lasted 98 hours. The deathpenalty was only beaten by 6 votes. If we look back to 1976, the yearthe death penalty was abolished in Canada, threats of death, werebeing made to Members of Parliament and their immediate families frompro death penalty advocates. Most members of parliament, voted ontheir own personal feelings, as opposed to the views of their voters.2The same was the case in British Colombia, where accepting ofthe death penalty, if it was reinstated 1987 , by the federalgovernment was discussed. The M.P.s were split, 17 out of 29 were forthe death penalty. This showed, that even the majority of the M.P.swere in favour of the death penalty in B.C. Support for the deathpenalty in British Col umbia at the time was almost 70%, but the M.P.sfelt that it was up to them to vote how they felt was right, and notto vote on which vote would give them the best chance for a secondterm.3In 1987, the Progressive Conservative government wanted to holda free vote on the reinstatement of Capital punishment, but Justiceminister Ray Hnatyshyn, who was opposed to it, pressured the M.P.s,into voted against the bill. Ray Hnatyshyn, was the deciding factor,if not for him, it was widely believed that the reinstatement ofcapital punishment would have gone through, and the death penaltywould be a reality today.4Capital punishment is such a volatile issue, and both sides areso deeply rooted in their views that they are willing to do almostanything to sway all of the people they can to their side. We personally feel, and our views are backed up by proof, inthe form of studies by the likes of Isaac Ehrlichs 1975 and Prof. Stephen K. Laysons, that was published in 1986, and polls that havebeen taken both in Canada and the United States over the past fewyears. All of these studies and surveys show that capital punishmentis a valid deterrent to crime, and obviously the public, and societyas a whole are in favour of it. The death penalty makes would becapital offenders think about weather committing a crime is reallyworth their lives. Even if capital punishment did not deter crime,the simple fact that it will allow society to get even with murders. .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485 , .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485 .postImageUrl , .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485 , .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485:hover , .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485:visited , .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485:active { border:0!important; } .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485:active , .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485 .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u639213b5a87e854d4af6ecaefd53e485:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Methanol As Fuel EssayCapital punishment also insures peace of mind because it insures thatmurders will never kill again. Works Cited1 From: Take Notice, (Copp Clarke Pitman Ltd., 1979) page 1632 From: Article written by David Vienneau published in the March 24,1987 edition of the Toronto Star, titled, Debate Agonizing for MPs. 3 From: Article written by Kirk Makir, published in March 26, 1987edition of the Globe and Mail, titled, BC MPs Split on Death PenaltyDebate. 4 From: Article written by Hugh Winsor, published in April 29, 1987edition of the Globe and Mail, titled, Debate on Death Penaltyplaced on hold.

Friday, November 29, 2019

How to Write An About Me Page As a Freelance Writer

Get some about me page examples So, you want to be a freelance writer and you know you need a blog to do this. Okay. Now what? Well, you definitely need an About me page on your freelance writing site. Prospects need to know about you, right? What are you suppose to put on your About me page? Remember, a blog for your freelance writing business isnt about you (shocking!) – its about the potential client. And that goes for your About page copy too. And one more thing – one of your most popular pages on your website will be your About me page! I want to share with you my journey as a freelance writer – from the very beginning to now. Looking back, I was just like you not too long ago! I did the same things as you and many times I failed. But, I dont want that for you writers! I want to help you as much as I can! Before we get into this post, if you dont have time to read this, check out my video on creating your About page for your business. Also make sure to subscribe to my YouTube channel for freelance writers! (You can easily subscribe by hovering over my headshot in the upper left corner of this video!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVAkUNwaobE My First About Me Page Copy as a Brand New Freelance Writer I was brand new to many things when I put up my first writer website. I also was new to promoting a business online! I didnt know anything. I ended up looking at other freelance writer websites to help me figure out what I needed to do for mine. Here is my original About me page copy for my writer website: Are you running your own business alone? Do you find you don’t have enough hours in the day to get everything done? Maybe it’s time to get some help! I’m Elna Cain and I have a passion for writing. I enjoy writing on a variety of topics and I take pleasure in immersing myself in learning about new and exciting areas. I have plenty of experience in the mental health field and educational setting as I have a bachelor’s in Psychology and have worked in education for many years. I am also a married millennial mom of twin toddlers with expert knowledge, interest and personal experience in parenting, career advice, natural and holistic living, relationships, raising twins and being a work-at-home mom. I am adept at meticulously researching any topic given and I work to produce original yet engaging prose for my clients. I also have plenty of experience in creating well-optimized, search-engine friendly content for clients who want to increase their online traffic and visibility. My primary writing focus is on article, blog and site content, but I am always open to other areas of writing. I also do eBook design and formatting. I use Adobe Illustrator and Adobe InDesign to create a professional and modern eBook design. When I am not writing, you can find me at the park running after my rambunctious two year old twins. Some great things about this copy is: Im speaking to potential clients in the first sentence or two I mention my experience with SEO content (which – at the time – I dont think I knew much) I shared some of my personality at the end of this copy Some not-so-great things about this copy is: I use difficult jargon in this – meticulously and prose. I would never use these words now! I dont have credibility in what Im saying – Having links to what you are talking about can help you become more credible in your niche. I mention too many niches and services – While its okay to have more than one niche, dont have 5 or six and dont have 4 or 5 services either! I mention that I can write about any topic – this is as big no-no. You dont want to market yourself as a catch-all writer; you want to market yourself as the go-to writer in a certain niche topic. Did I Land Freelance Writing Jobs With This Copy? Yes, I did. But the gigs I had were varied and all over the place. Some of these gigs too too much time to write because it wasnt in my wheelhouse of knowledge. As soon as I had samples and client posts with bylines published, I had to change my About me page copy to reflect this. A few months later from starting my freelance writing business, I was able to share links to where I was writing on my About me page. Some big things I noticed that helped my optimized my About me page are: I broke up my text with bullet lists – Many small business owners dont have the time to sit and read long paragraphs. If you make your information easy to read, theyll hang around longer. I have links to my writing – Its a good idea to link to your writing in your About me page. Remember, prospects dont have time to look ALL over your writer website. I try to convince readers to hire me – The part in my About me page where I ask, but are you wondering, why me? is my way of convincing prospects that Im unique and different than other writers. The not-so-great thing about this About me page copy is that Im still marketing myself as a jack-of-all trades writer. I havent niched down yet. My About Page Copy a Little Over a Year Later It took me over a year to finally niche down to the digital marketing niche. So, from this point on, my About me page copy reflects that. And some things IÂ   kept from before are my headline and bullet lists. But, Im New to Freelance Writing Okay, so youre new and you need to write your About me page copy. I would promote yourself as a freelance writer for hire and mention what niches you serve. I would make your copy focus on your potential client. What do they want for their writing? Delivered on time Formatted appropriately Up-to-date Engaging writing Sourced Exceeds what the client wanted! About Me Page Examples These are things you can weave into your About me page to make it effective! If you need more help, check out my post on other ways to write your About page to attract clients. Become a Highly-Paid Writer Today!

Monday, November 25, 2019

Liz Claiborne Inc. and its Portfolio of Brands

Liz Claiborne Inc. and its Portfolio of Brands Driving Forces: Liz Claiborne, Inc. Liz Claiborne is a name popular in the apparel and fashion business. The brand speaks for itself. Its growth has been unprecedented that can be attributed to several factors. The firm has a different type of business strategy: it manufactures products through subcontracting companies throughout the world. Claiborne’s managers occupy two buildings in New York while their workers are working in factories in more than thirty countries worldwide. But there is more to this that has attributed to the firm’s successes in the past.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Liz Claiborne Inc. and its Portfolio of Brands specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During World War II, Liz Claiborne fled the Nazis to study art and to start a career in the apparel and fashion industry. Her special design was for the American working women so they could have an alternative to the traditional dark tai lored suits. She introduced a classic style for women that would last for years with a price that is not exorbitant. (Siggelkow 55) Liz Claiborne had the urge and the motivation. While working in a company that manufactured sportswear, she thought she could do more. It was not only sportswear that she had in mind, it was something formal that the ordinary American woman could wear, be comfortable of her clothing and be proud about it. She worked for her dream, i.e. to make a powerful brand that would empower the working, professional women who are left with no other choice but to wear the traditional dresses not fit for the modern American woman. An initial driving force of Liz Claiborne was the emerging demographic at the time she founded her company; this was the working women of America. In 1960, there was an estimated 21.9 million American women working in different industries. This was an ever growing working class because by the 1990s, it grew to 53.5 million, an equivalent of 45 percent of the working class of America. (Siggelkow 54) Ms. Claiborne had noted the lack of choice the working American woman had at that time when it came to career clothing. The young Liz was then a designer of women’s sportswear in a company known as ‘Youth Guild’. She knew that the market segment of the working American women was growing and that she had to grab the opportunity because she felt she had a role to play with respect to fashion and apparel for American women. When ‘Youth Guild’ closed down, Ms. Claiborne saw a greater opportunity.Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Along with her husband Arthur Ortenberg, who was also involved in the apparel industry as a consultant, Liz Claiborne opened up a company to design apparel for the professional women of America. (Siggelkow 54) She wanted to save the American women from being too traditional through their clothing and formal wear. She knew she could do something. By her creative design and experience she started the Liz Claiborne Lines, providing the women of her time a casual but unique American wear. Claiborne products also include fragrance products. Now, Liz Claiborne brands are for high-end fashion apparel that includes the moderate fashion apparel for women of all ages and nationalities. Claiborne’s strategy all through the years has been subcontracting. Her style was to go to different countries, particularly in Asia, provide workshops and do presentations for her new designs and fashion, then go back to her headquarters in New York. The companies she worked with knew her strategy and so they offered their expertise for her designs. (Siggelkow 55) Liz Claiborne is a global organization. It is global not only in the sense that it operates internationally but also it is working under certain circumstances, and this includes the structure, th e motivation, the market, and so forth. In the age of globalization and high-technology, Liz Claiborne’s strategy has become effective. Distance is no longer a problem because of the popularity of the Internet. Claiborne’s designers and managers do not need to go to other countries to demonstrate and instruct their subcontracting companies on how to follow their designs. They can use the Internet and teleconferencing to do it. It can use screen-based activities. Features of the Internet provide interactive methods or networks. There are many opportunities and realities the world has offered because of globalization. Transportation has been revolutionized allowing people to travel faster than the speed of sound. Technology is the powerful force that now drives the world toward a converging commonality. Outsourcing has become a trend in the age of globalization. With countries like China and India and the rest of the Asian countries now offering cheap labor, global firms can outsource their production that are labor-intensive. Global companies can utilize the services of outsourcing companies which offer cheap labor. Their costs are relatively low. Liz Claiborne has tapped the emerging market and the cheap labor that could also facilitate an effective supply chain.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Liz Claiborne Inc. and its Portfolio of Brands specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is what the firm has been doing. In the beginning, Liz Claiborne and her husband would personally go to Asian countries, particularly Taiwan and Hong Kong, to demonstrate and instruct the employees of subcontracting companies on their designs. But this is now easily done. There is no need of personally going to those places where subcontracting is being done. The Internet and teleconferencing can provide the necessary tool for two parties to interact and communicate. Globalization has become phenomenal du e to the high-technology tools that have sprung these past decades. ‘We have become globalized’ means we can now connect and conduct business with the rest of the world so easily. With just a computer with internet connection, we can connect with anyone around the world that has an Internet connection. Any sort of business can be benefited with Internet applications. ‘Globalization is happening, faster and faster. But it is far from complete, and far from inevitable. Globalization can disrupt, but it can also empower. What does it all mean, for real people in the real workaday world?’ (Larsson 3) Advancement made in communication and the internet makes it very easy to connect with people in the other side of the globe. The global age is here and will continue to dominate man’s activities – businesses for that matter – for many years ahead, centuries perhaps, with more and more industries emerging everyday as a result of new tools, innov ations, and inventions made by man. Because of these advances, changes, innovations, or development, and new industries are formed. Liz Claiborne has international-based brands. These brands are for retail outlets but they also have MEXX, which has become an international name. They have partnered brands which are for men and women. Liz Claiborne brands also include Dana Buchman, Kensie, Monet, and many more. But the strategy has evolved; they have retails for domestic and international markets. Since Claiborne is a global organization, it licenses third parties to provide cost-effective utilization and sale of Claiborne products. (Liz Claiborne Inc. – Company Overview) Another driving force for Liz Claiborne is its philanthropic activities. Liz Claiborne believes that one way of continuous successes in the corporate world is to give back. By this, Liz Claiborne formed the Liz Claiborne Foundation, a vehicle of Claiborne’s corporate social responsibility (CSR). Claibor ne has close contact with the communities they have businesses with and the various civic organizations for partnerships. Their primary focus is on women who are victims of domestic violence. (Liz Claiborne Inc. – Philanthropic Programs)Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Managers can drive forces either up or down. This happened to Liz Claiborne. There were low sides in business for Liz Claiborne. In 1992, problems started to surface. Its sales were down and market capitalization went down fast at $1.3 billion by the closing period of 1994. A series of strategies in operations and marketing, implemented by the new CEO Paul Charron enabled Liz Claiborne to rise again. The company’s capitalization went up to $3.2 billion. (Siggelkow 54) Organizational performance is responsible for this trend. The managerial capabilities of Claiborne were responsible for the downward trend of the sales and its losses in the stock market. The top management team (TMT) of Claiborne that could have identified opportunities was a driving force for the firm to lose those opportunities. The opportunities are internal and external factors. (Kor and Mahoney, 2000; Bosch and Wijk, 2001 as qtd. in Chen 1) Knowledge and expertise of the managers failed to identify the fac tors that could have maintained Liz Claiborne’s lead in the apparel and fashion industry. And when the company changed the CEO, there was sudden upturn in the sales of the firm, including the price of its share. This was because the new CEO, Paul Charron, instituted drastic operational and marketing reforms. Key Success Factors Designing and marketing are two of Claiborne’s specialized techniques in business. Their premium brands include Juicy Couture, Lucky Brand, and more. JC Penney has the sole right of manufacturing and distribution of some of the department store-based brands. Liz Claiborne was accompanied by her husband and two other partners Leonard Boxer and Jerome Chazen when they started the fashion apparel company that later became a multi-billion dollar business. (Liz Claiborne Company Heritage) Originality and innovations are some of Liz Claiborne’s success factors. She was a designer by birth and her quest to help women like her made her a true des igner for the professional women. Liz Claiborne is said to be the inventor of â€Å"imported fashion merchandise†. She imported the products she designed (Collins 106). While the rest of her competitors were working under one roof, or that their workers and managers were working in one building and one factory. Claiborne perfected the concept of subcontracting to different factories in Asia and the rest of the world. Subcontracting has become a trend because of Liz Claiborne’s successes. Prices were low despite the fact that they were considered designer level. These were compatible with Calvin Klein and Bill Blass, but still affordable for the professional women. Another success factor is Claiborne’s ethical standards which are said to be the backbone of a successful organization. This is what Claiborne aimed to do. Their ethical standards are guided by the virtues of honesty, integrity and their accountability to the people. Because of this, they have gained r espect from their customers and partners. (Liz Claiborne Inc.: A Portfolio of Brands) The strategy of selling is also one of a kind. Claiborne’s first strategy focused on selling via large department stores. In the United States and Canada, Claiborne accounted for about 9,500 locations filled with products on apparel and fashion. This was aided by four of the largest department stores, namely Dillard’s, May, Macy’s and one which was composed of several stores, Federated Department Stores. Liz Claiborne introduced a presentation format unique from other fashion designer companies. They used what Liz Claiborne called â€Å"Claiboards† and â€Å"Lizmap diagrams†. These presentation materials contained sketches and pictures including notes and instructions on how their products should be presented to the public. The pieces of merchandise were grouped together and each group had its own name or label. Claiborne’s strategy is to sell their product s as a collection rather than ordinary clothing or apparel. Presenting their merchandize as a collection is an effective way of selling to a great number of loyal customers. (Siggelkow 56) According to the Liz Claiborne website, department stores used to have a classification-oriented style of selling. This means pants were sold in one section of the store, skirts in another area, and shirts are also separately sold in another department. This provided difficulty to women in that when they would try to assemble an outfit, they would have to transfer from one place to another in the department store. In order to solve this problem, Liz Claiborne Inc. managers talked it out with department owners and retailers on the way the different sportswear collection would be presented. They should be in one location. (Liz Claiborne Inc.: Company Heritage) Consultants travelled to many places to ensure that Claiborne’s products were arranged and presented to the public correctly. For all these stores, a special space was provided to present the entire Claiborne collection. The presentation of the merchandize proved effective as many provided positive feedback. (Siggelkow 56) Among Claiborne’s strategic innovations is the use of technology in its processes. The company website is a 24/7 interactive method wherein customers can make suggestions and also air their complaints. Claiborne also uses technology in their design of products. They use computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) in the design of apparel and fashion products. This is one of the productive means of the company, the use of computers. Speed in manufacturing and quality of products are one of the benefits of using CAM. Other large and successful companies in different industries also use CAM. Another computer method used in making designs is computer-aided design (CAD). Integrating these two concepts – CAM and CAD – allow for more speed, accuracy and quality of the design. Combining CAM and CAD provides ways for a new process known as computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM). CIM enables manufacturers to design the product and to control the machinery that makes the products. (Pride et al. 288) Claiborne is also affected by the growing tide of globalization. It is a knowledge-based organization, and its workforce is composed of a pool of talented and expert designers. Claiborne has invested on its employees. The company also aims for customer satisfaction and loyalty; its products and services are quality-oriented. The company sees to it that the company adheres to quality management and best practice. Their strategy is customer-driven, a success factor effective up to today. Claiborne aims for talents and customer’s focus and loyalty and also sees the importance of focusing on their employees because they see the relation between contented employees and contented customers. Satisfied employees result in satisfied customers. Meeting the customer’s need s and wants is a business trend in the age of globalization. Liz Claiborne aims for customer loyalty while keeping cost of production low. This is shooting two birds in one shot but difficult to achieve; difficult because meeting the customer’s needs and wants at the same time minimizing cost of production do not ensure quality product or service. Claiborne focuses on quality in design. Most of the companies nowadays, particular the global ones, prefer standardized products which can be manufactured by outsourcing companies from China, in order to minimize production costs and the flow of supply chain. The apparel industry is labor-intensive; its process of manufacturing requires the services of more people, which is unlike other manufacturing processes where they use machines and robots to manufacture the products. Claiborne’s strategy of subcontracting may be similar to outsourcing strategy. It has been proven effective. Liz Claiborne does not own factories where the y can produce quality apparel. Claiborne’s strategy has long been introduced since its inception as a global company. Products are produced by companies throughout the world. But quality is not sacrificed. They have their own quality control checked by their own managers. (Collins 104) Application of Information Technology Customer interaction is now enhanced by technology and the Internet or the World Wide Web. Customers can ask questions or complain through company websites or through emails. Modern information technology used in supply chain includes Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) which is the information transmission backbone of manufacturing companies and supply interfaces. The popularity of the Internet has led to the introduction of Internet-based EDI. Another important factor that brought success to Liz Claiborne is its application of knowledge management. Knowledge management has made it successfully handle the cost, quality and the different improvements for the organization and its branches overseas. Knowledge management is significant to Claiborne’s global operations and in the study of innovations and adoption. When we say knowledge, we usually understand this to mean theoretical knowledge or practical knowledge, but it also includes experience and skills. In the age of globalization, knowledge is both a product and resource. Knowledge and knowledge management are significant developments in the new globalizing environment. Competitive advantage among organizations is more pronounced with the knowledge people possessed, or what is termed, ‘people-embodied knowhow’ (Rodriguez and de Pablos, 2002, p. 174). Firms are focusing on what their people know, and invest much on intellectual capital. More success factors are attributed to the right fashion they have introduced to the public. From the firm’s initial demographic of the professional women of America, Liz Claiborne has introduced almost any brand for men and women; thus the brand â€Å"Claiborne† (for no gender) has stayed for men and women’s clothing. Their fashion styles introduced to the public are long lasting. Claiborne has a strong brand that they could boast of. These brands have their own particular niche focus. The firm also has a decentralized form of management with departments and units making their own decisions. These decisions are automatically carried out with speed and accuracy. (Scribd.com) Competencies Brands are a name that cannot be taken away by competitors. Sometimes, it’s the brand that competitors are trying to beat and not the product, although the brand speaks for the products. Claiborne has multiple quality brands like Kensie, Kensiegirl, DKNY, etc. These brands are international names and they compete with well known other brands like Zara of Inditex and Hennes and Maurits (HM), etc. Added to the brands were the so-called apparel seasons to meet customer demands and taste. Liz Claiborne was concerned with the buying patterns of customers in order to guide their production processes. Other companies in other industries usually do this particular in-house survey to determine customer demands and loyalty. Some of these companies come from the automotive industry, like for example Yamaha, Honda or Toyota. (Bower and Hout 49) Liz Claiborne opened retail stores aside from going wholesale and selling their products through exclusive contracts with department stores. In 2006, Liz Claiborne competed with other retail stores like Apple, Bose, and Nine West, to find ways to test customer loyalty and following. The stores boasted the company’s exposure to their customers, not only on the market segment that the company serves. (Anderson) In 2008, Liz Claiborne Inc. granted license to Elizabeth Arden, Inc. for the latter to manufacture, sell and distribute Claiborne fragrance products. These fragrance products include JuicyCouture, Usher, Mambo and other fragrances. (Eli zabeth Arden, Inc.) E. Scott Beattie, the CEO and Chairman of Elizabeth Arden, Inc. said that the licensing agreement was a strategic move for both firms that could also bring competitive advantage on their respective companies. The alliance also brought benefits such as improved market share and more profits for Arden in their American fragrance stores; improved supply chain and a wider organizational perspective; increased customer and more sales from a wider audience. Growth in earnings and sales for the company was expected by 2009. (Elizabeth Arden, Inc.) The licensing agreement was made effective with some conditions such as the fulfillment of the requirements of the law known as the Hart-Scott Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976. (Elizabeth Arden, Inc.) Elizabeth Arden, Inc. was founded by Miss Elizabeth Arden in 1919, with specialty in beauty products. Like Liz Claiborne, its mission was to initially ‘serve’ the American woman and it first focused on this particular market segment. Through the years, its strategy has been for continuous innovations. They have tapped other market segments aside from the women demographic. (Elizabeth Arden) Many of Claiborne’s brands have been carried or sold by big department stores. But department stores nationwide suffered a setback; many of them are not earning that big anymore probably because of the recent economic downturn. The once popular and big chains of department stores have been closed. One chain, the Marshall Field, had been changed to Macy’s. Claiborne lost a bit of its popularity. (Boone and Kurtz 376) Liz Claiborne had to part ways with some of the big department stores that sold its products for years. Claiborne is now exclusively contracted by JC Penny to sell its men’s, women’s and other product lines for ten years. In short, Claiborne moved from Macy’s to have an exclusive contract with JC Penny and no other department store shall have the opport unity to sell Claiborne products. Under this agreement, JC Penny also has the exclusive right – if it wants to – to buy Claiborne products in five years. The arrangement also states that Claiborne will continue to be designer of the apparel and fashion products and JC Penney will do all the other responsibilities like production and marketing, procurement of raw materials and promotion and distribution of the finished products to end users. (Boone and Kurtz 376) JC Penney had in the past demonstrated that it could successfully market Claiborne products. With respect to Claiborne subcontracting style, Claiborne developed a special bond with apparel suppliers in Asia. In Hong Kong, the company Fang Brothers made their factories available for Claiborne. Fang Brothers was a growing company in the 1960s until it expanded to other countries like Thailand, the Philippines and Malaysia. It also expanded to Panama and Ireland. The Fang Brothers was good at the strategy known as â€Å"triangle manufacturing†. In this particular strategy, U.S. companies and other importers would place their apparel orders through companies, for example Fang Brothers who, because of over capacity, would place the same orders to affiliate factories located in other Asian countries that offered lower cost of production. (Collins 108) In Europe, Liz Claiborne’s competitors include Zara and Hennes and Mauritz (HM). Zara and HM are said to be low-cost competitors. Liz Claiborne goes for quality although its prices are not so exorbitant. Zara and HM have been expanding to markets of the same segment. (Ryans 4) Zara is owned by Inditex and is into the international apparel market and fashion, which are customer-driven markets. It is continuously growing and said to be leading in Europe. Following closely is Hennes and Mauritz (HM) which outsources most of its products at lower cost. Like Liz Claiborne, Zara is quality-oriented. It produces 60% of its products and intr oduces quality management. Unlike HM, Zara ensures that its customers are satisfied and hopes to come back to buy more of its products. Zara is more liquid but, like the rest of international firms, is affected by the growing tide of globalization. It is a knowledge-based organization, and its workforce is composed of a pool of talented and expert individuals. Inditex, Zara’s mother company, sees to it that the company adheres to quality management and best practice. The company’s financial standing is as healthy as ever. (Inditex) Zara and HM have been closed competitors of Liz Claiborne, quite a feat for the two since Liz Claiborne is more of a traditional and considered â€Å"higher end manufacture† in the industry, while the two are considered low-cost. They however have been expanding and their financial standings are also considered healthy. To solve the problem of competition, Zara and HM have used high-profile endorsers such as Madonna and Kylie Minogue. (Ryans 15) This also challenged the firm of Liz Claiborne. In responding to the challenge of competitors on low prices, Liz Claiborne also had to act or she could lose some of her following and some profits. Claiborne used the same strategy by producing apparel and fashion products of low cost, something very affordable to the working women. Talking of globalization, this has affected even the smallest firm. But it has worked in Liz Claiborne’s advantage. Liz Claiborne manages a pool of expert managers but not an entire workforce. Production line is handled by subcontracting firms. Claiborne goes to a country and instructs supervisors of firms doing the production. It has only to make sure that the design is being followed to the smallest detail. After that, the Claiborne and her managers go home to their headquarters. Globalization has modernized the concept of human resource. International HRM explores how global organizations manage the demands of ensuring that the organi zation has an international coherence and cost-effective approach to the way it manages its people in all the countries it covers, while at the same time ensuring that it is responsive to the differences in assumptions and in what works from one location to another. This is very relevant to managing an organization of different culture. There are countless other issues that have to be addressed by the assigned senior manager and staffs. Claiborne’s managers do not manage a workforce in a factory setting. They just have to present their design and go home to their headquarters. Finished products are presented to them. And finances would be taken care of by their people on a contractual basis. Although this strategy of Claiborne’s is not new, it has been perfected by the firm. Distinct Competitive Advantages Claiborne’s strategy is marketing orientated which requires that a number of changes takes place in the organization, in practices and in attitudes. Implement ing the marketing concept requires more than paying lip service to the ideas inherent in the concept. Behavioral sciences can lead to an understanding of buyer behavior. Liz Claiborne saw the opportunity when she founded the company, along with her husband and a few trusted friends in the apparel and fashion industry. She knew the business and how to run it. She had discovered her niche and her market segment, capitalizing on the gender she was most acquainted with and her creativity and experience. Liz Claiborne knew what to sell and to whom. She analyzed the future of the company and the market she was in. In doing this, a company can shift focus to analyzing what the future holds with the customer. This may include determining if the customer may still want to deal with the company, or buy products from the company or shift to other competitors. The information on customer satisfaction is vital in the improvement and enhancement of the product. This information and data can be li nked back to the manufacturer for further quality enhancement. Liz Claiborne became aware of this when the firm attained competitive advantage. Competitive advantage became more visible when in the year 1999. Liz Claiborne produced more than 120 million pieces of clothing from 256 factories around the world that supplied these products (Collins 105). Liz Claiborne had used this strategy since the 1970s and has come to perfect it with ease and accuracy to make the firm ahead of the competition. ‘Strategic competitiveness is achieved when a firm successfully formulates and implements a value-creating strategy.’ (Hitt et al. 4) This value creating strategy was attained even during Liz Claiborne’s early years as a firm producing apparel and fashion products. It gradually grew and came to its height of corporate success. In 1976, Liz Claiborne started with a capital of $250,000. It was a small capitalization that became big. Five years later, it went public and earned revenues of up to $116 million, becoming a part of the Fortune 500 list. This was a feat by a woman at that time. Fortune also said that Liz Claiborne had become the top earner with respect to the year-end equity in the 1980s. Then in 1991, Liz Claiborne earned more than $2 billion with its shares of stock rising. An investor who bought $10,000 worth of shares from Liz Claiborne was assured of a profit for investment of up to $610,000 (Siggelkow 54). In 1996, Claiborne’s profit reached $155.7 million, even surpassing Wall Street’s prediction (Kernaghan 36). Claiborne’s top management was successful at the beginning, although later it experienced rough sailing. They effectively used strategic management by focusing on the capabilities of their human resource, designers and managers who were properly screened, tested and trained. A successful strategic management allows for competitive advantage or edge for the organization. In strategic HRM, strategies and peopl e are involved; in other words, the firm was putting people together, including their talents, skills and capabilities, to make the business successful. The concept of strategic HRM is based on the important part of the HRM philosophy that emphasizes the strategic nature of HRM and the need to integrate human resource strategy with the business strategy (Armstrong, 2000, p. 6). The top management team (TMT) failed to deliver the necessary managerial capabilities to its senior and medium-level managers that forced Claiborne’s sales and stocks to go down. The top management team which is responsible for the managerial capabilities of Claiborne failed in their strategic management. When the firm replaced the CEO with a new one, Paul Charron, who instituted reforms, the sales and stocks rose. Moreover, Claiborne’s supply chain also adds to its competitive advantage. The firm has focused on quality, least cost, and effective utilization of the resources to provide the goods and services to the end users at the shortest possible time. Supply chain management is traditionally focused on least-cost transaction, but the new trend in business-to-business transaction is long-term relationship. Claiborne’s subcontracting firms are from Taiwan, Hong Kong and other countries in Asia. Claiborne maintains a good relationship with these firms, assuring the conditions for a safe and fast delivery of products to the end users. This strategy can test the customers and consumers. The question that is always in the mind of the marketing manager is: â€Å"will the customer come back?† One significant strategy in meeting the needs and wants of customers is introducing an approach to supply chain that aims back at the customer. Satisfying their needs and wants is always a challenge to marketers. Knowing the customers’ needs have become a foundation for which a company is founded. Customer focus is vital to supply chain. The customer wants to be under stood, and the marketer can interpret this by answering what he/she wants of the product. The information can be inputted back to the customer for enhancement of the product. If it is service-oriented, the company has to modify the service. Supply chain has to be continually improved in order to attain customer satisfaction and loyalty, while customer focus can reflect satisfaction and loyalty. An excellent supply chain management can attain customer satisfaction; at the same time, customer satisfaction may lead to loyalty, although satisfaction does not necessarily lead to loyalty. Before loyalty can be attained, customer closeness is crucial; meaning some activities have to be geared towards contacting the customer in order to acquire more data and information about the product, and how the customer reacts to the product, including suggestions for improvement. Acquiring more profits, which is one of the major goals of companies, seems to be not a sure goal. It is also one of the d ifficult objectives to achieve. There are more and more products being manufactured but there are fewer customers who buy these products. Companies, or global business and organizations, have to find their segments and customers because they have more products to sell. There is a surplus of products and less customers. In other words, organizations around the world compete to gain more customers, and one way of gaining more customers is to win their trust, answer and meet their needs and wants, and make sure that they come back. It is not enough that they buy the company’s products; it is important that they come back; this is loyalty. Supply chain is an important factor to consider in attaining customer satisfaction. When a product is being bought by a customer, it must be delivered quickly, with ease and comfort of delivery, and must have the desired quality that the customer asks for. Subcontracting has assured Liz Claiborne of an effective supply chain. The firm sees to i t that their designs are followed and manufactured on time. Marketing however has been changed every now and then to answer the demands of the changing times. As stated in the section for ‘Competencies’, Liz Claiborne entered an agreement with Elizabeth Arden, Inc. for the manufacture and sales of Claiborne fragrance products. This is one way of creating a fast and effective supply chain. Elizabeth Arden, Inc. is a former competitor that has turned into an ally and promoter of Claiborne products. Claiborne products are manufactured by manufacturing companies through subcontracting and now delivered exclusively by JC Penney. JC Penney has acquired exclusive rights to manufacture and sell Claiborne products. JC Penney can provide an effective supply chain for Claiborne products. Innovations and changes are continuously introduced into Claiborne’s strategies. This is to answer organizational and customer needs. An example is Claiborne’s introduction of what t hey call â€Å"fashion moderates†, from branded and costly fashion apparel to â€Å"fashion moderates†. The price has been lowered to meet customer demands and expectations. (Collins 104) The company also emphasizes diversity in the organization and in the workplace. The strategy is to emphasize inclusion that should be a part of the organizational culture and cultural fabric. Inclusion is synonymous with diversity. It allows a collection of ideas and concepts to help in everyone’s advancement and the organization’s. Training and development are a part of this so-called cultural fabric. (Liz Claiborne, Inc.: Diversity) The firm also emphasizes inclusion to its various suppliers and associates. They regard inclusion as very important to company principle and philosophy. It is a shared responsibility that should be practiced by every executive and employee. Senior executives should be leaders to promote inclusion. All of their associates share the responsib ility of honoring everyone’s contribution for the fulfillment of the organization’s objectives. Anderson, George. Liz Claiborne to Open Stores. Retailwire, 21 Mar. 2006. Web. Armstrong, Michael. A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. London: Kogan Page Limited, 2006. 6. Print. Boone, Louis E. and David L. Kurtz. Contemporary Marketing. United States of America: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2010, 2012. Print. Bower, Joseph L. and Thomas M. Hout. Fast-Cycle Capability for Competitive Power. The Product Development Challenge: Competing Through Speed, Quality, and Creativity. By Kim B. Clark and Steven C. Wheelwright. United States of America: President and Fellows of Harvard College, 1994. 49. Print. Chen, Pao-Lien. The Performance Implications of the Evolution of Managerial Capabilities in the Context of Industry Evolution. United States of America: ProQuest, 2007. Collins, Jane Lou. Threads: Gender, Labor, and Power in the Global Apparel Industry. Chicago : The University of Chicago Press; London: The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., 2003. Print. Elizabeth Arden. About Elizabeth Arden, 2011. Web. Elizabeth Arden, Inc. Nasdaq OMX: GlobeNewswire, 2008. Web. Hitt, Micahel A., R. Duane Ireland, and Robert E. Hoskisson. Strategic Management: Competitiveness Globalization, Concepts. OH, USA: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2009. Print. Inditex. Zara Improves its Ranking in Interbrand’s Annual List of Global Brands. 10 May 2011. Web. Kernaghan, Charles. Behind the Label: â€Å"Made in China†. United States of America: DIANE Publishing, 1998. Web. Larsson, Tomas. The Race to the Top: The Real Story of Globalization. Washington, D.C.: Cato Institute, 2001. ISBN: 1930865147, 9781930865143. Print. Liz Claiborne Inc.: A Portfolio of Brands. Our Vision. 2011. 6 October 2011. Web. Liz Claiborne Inc.: A Portfolio of Brands. Company Overview. 2011. 8 October 2011. Web. Liz Claiborne Inc.: A Portfolio of Brands. Philanthropic Program s. 2011. 8 October 2011. Web. Pride, William, Robert Hughes, and Jack Kapoor. Foundations of Business. United States of America: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, 2009. Print. Rodriguez, J. de Pablos, P. O. Strategic Human Resource Management: An Organisational Learning Perspective. International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, Vol. 2, Numbers 3-4/2002. 27 September 2011. Web. Ryans, Adrian. Beating Low Cost Competition: How Premium Brands can Respond to Cut-Price Rivals. England: John Wiley Sons Ltd., 2008. Print. Scribd.com. Liz Claiborne Inc., 2005. 8 October 2011. Web. Siggelkow, Nicolaj. Change in the Presence of Fit: The Rise, the Fall, and the Renaissance of Liz Claiborne. Strategy Process: Shaping the Contours of the Field. By Bala Cakravarthy. United States of America: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2003. 54-56. Print.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Helens Trading Card Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Helens Trading Card Company - Case Study Example We will examine the role that a Systems Development Methodology and its associated System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) will play in designing an information system for Helen's company. To have insight into the background, I will portray it briefly. Helen started off her company when an online trading card company asked her to buy and sell its cards for it. Initially, we can say that it was very small scale because before that, she would only buy trading cards for her son. Soon afterwards, she started her own company and became an authorized trader. This meant that now she now had more information to manage and use. Her company must have been small because trading cards is not a large-scale business as it is. But she still had information to manage hence she needed a system that would help her deal with all this information about her stakeholders. This, indeed, would be an Information System. Helen has a few requirements for which she needs an information system. According to these requirements, a Systems Development Methodology and its associated model, the JAD model, in our case will be used to develop this information system. Helen needs a system that will enable her to store details about the individual trading cards which she has for sale, as well as packs of structure decks, and games mats, etc. She needs a system that will store information about her received orders. ... Why are we discussing her requirements It is important to understand these requirements as the first step towards developing a system, using any model of the Systems Development Methodology. If we fail to understand the requirements, we will certainly fail to provide her what she wants and then no matter, what model or methodology is used, the system will fail (Pressman, R.S., 2005). Information System - What is it An Information System is a framework or a structure of any sort that would enable and facilitate Helen to process her data and manage her information. There are many different kinds of systems that keep changing as technology grows (Betts, G., 2007). She has so much information about the companies that she buys from, the customers that she sells to, the orders that she receives and the products that she makes. It will much simpler for us if we break down all these requirements and view them in isolation. First of all, Helen needs to deal with the information regarding her suppliers. A supplier could be any company or person which Helen purchases cards from. Helen wants to store information about what she has bought, who she bought it from and how much she paid for it. According to most analysts, her requirements fit perfectly with a Supply Chain Management System. She will be able to handle her suppliers effectively with this. But if she is handling only her suppliers, where does her customer and order management fit For this, she could invest in a Customer Relationship Management System. This way she can understand her customers, give them value and retain profitable ones. Those who are not profitable can be studied

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Critically analyse and evaluate current research and literature Essay

Critically analyse and evaluate current research and literature relating to the significance of the presence and absence of ano-genital injuries in posr puberta - Essay Example Male have testosterone while female have estrogen and progesterone. The reproductive stage continues until old age both in male and in female and eventually these are the secondary sex characteristics and events of puberty. It is essential to remember that however, that it is the puberty that represents the beginning period of the reproductive system activity. (Marieb, 2002) The ano-genital area of the human body, sometimes referred to as â€Å"genito-anal† includes the anus and the genitals of both sexes. The genito-anal plays a vital role in pre-pubertal and post pubertal stages. Earlier, the certain part of the body is not taken into consideration unlike nowadays where certain diseases can de diagnosed through the examination of the anus and the genitals. The observations can also serve as indicators of the sexual abuse especially in women. Many of the characteristics of the ano-genital areas are further studied to show its significance in many other reproductive processes and development. The ano-genital areas of both male and female can be differentiated if these were abused or not. In pre-pubertal ano-genital area is most likely have the characteristic of none presence of warts, hematomas, and lacerations mostly in children. These are just some of the sign if the certain individual have been sexually abused. In post-pubertal stages, the ano-genital appears to be the opposite of that of the pre-pubertal. In female victims, bleeding and discharge in both genital and anal region are more visible. (Hobbs and Wynne, 1999) The ano-gential index (AGI) or the value of the distance between the anus and the genitals divided the body weight, is primarily the comparative tool between individuals (Barett, 2006). The ano-genital index is commonly used in boys who had been exposed in chemicals. Scientists believed that exposure to chemicals such as

Monday, November 18, 2019

Marketing Concepts of Nike Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 67

Marketing Concepts of Nike Company - Essay Example Nike Company has been able to increase its market share substantially through product differentiation. It produces a wide a range of sports products and equipment ranging from running shoes, jerseys, shorts, shoes famously known as the Nike Air Max, etc used in a great variety of sporting activities. This includes baseball, tennis, track and field, ice hockey, basketball, soccer, and cricket. The company continuously strives to introduce new products to its shelves to be at a better competitive edge compared to its competitors. Latest additions to their product lines include specially designed shoes for skateboarding, cricket, and basketball. They also design products putting environmental concerns in mind. This has made the company to be one of the environmentally friendly company’s in the world. During the research on the Nike Company, I visited some of the major outlets such as the Niketown store, Nike factory store and the Nike running store to find out the various products offered. This was mainly because of the huge product lines found in the stores. Furthermore, they are the perceived Nike major outlets in the U.S. At the Niketown store, athletes from all the various sports apparel, accessories, footwear, and equipment that are inevitable for them to reach their full potential. The store has incorporated strong archival and multimedia displays of Nike’s most memorable moments and great partnerships. The running and factory store enhances supports and celebrates the culture of running on and off the field. Here, aspiring athletes will definitely find support, footwear, equipment, and sportswear that are necessary for achieving their aspirations.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Benefits Of Water Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay

Benefits Of Water Pollution Environmental Sciences Essay Effects of Water Pollution: The effects of water pollution are wide-ranging and these are highly dependent upon the type of chemicals that are dumped into the major water sources. Water pollution has an adverse effect on plants and creatures living in the water. In nearly all situations, the effect is destructive not only to the areas and individual species, but also to the natural biological populations. Sources of Water Pollution: The sources of water contamination are classified as being a point source or a non-point source of contamination. Point Source: Point sources of contamination take place when the damaging substance is produced straight into the stream. Example of a Point Source: A pipe spewing toxic substances straight into a waterway is an example. Non-Point Source: A non-point source takes place while there is run-off of contaminants into a river. Example of a Non-Point Source: When fertilizer from a field is carried into a river by surface run-off. Cost of Water Pollution: In the leading inclusive evaluation of its kind, the SEI (Stockholm Environment Institute), grounded at Tufts University, has presented a white paper with a title Valuing Floridas Clean Water. The document discovers that plankton and red tide outbreaks produced by water contamination cost the Floridians around 1.3 billion dollars to 10.5 billion dollars every year. The EPA will decide soon either to accept the state-written water contamination plan or to step in with more powerful federal rules and administration. Why the Cost of Water Pollution is Measured: Water that is fresh in our sources, ponds, rivers, coves and oceanic masses provides clean water, numerous fish, oyster and crab populations, enjoyable and safe swimming and boating prospects and various other advantages, for example attractive water views, increased values of property and healthier aquatic life. When this fresh water becomes contaminated through excess sediments, nutrients or poisonous chemicals, it requires the cleaning up water and minimizing the chances for the occurrence of contamination. Moreover, there are several other expenses that result to travel and leisure loss, recreational and fisheries-based financial systems, the difficult-to-value and the property values, but impossible to substitute environments, animals and plants that are really dependent upon healthier waters. Benefits of Water Pollution: There can be various advantages to certain kinds of fish or sea creatures. Such as, a species of carp may not be impacted much by contaminated water, but a trout-fish will die from the contamination. Therefore, the carp will possess the advantage by having no other fish to contest with for finding the food and region. Hence, the carp specie will grow in a better way. Though, there are valuable things that are the reasons for the occurrence of water contamination. Manufacturing plants, energy production plants, oil drilling rigs and chemical manufacturers all offer powerful advantages to community, but unfortunately, this leads to serious water contamination. However the contamination is not valuable, the reason is, and hence cannot be done away with. Such as, would we slightly have oil or amazingly clean oceans? Noticeably, oil is more valuable in that case. This is the major reason why there is contamination control which helps to minimize the disadvantages. There are advantages to the polluters as well. It is less expensive to release the waste products into the closest water resource or soil as compared to process or treat that rubbish. However, this is not a benefit to humankind in general. Problems of Water Pollution: Various water systems near metropolitan areas (towns and cities) are highly contaminated. This is the outcome of both rubbish thrown out by people and dangerous substances lawfully or unlawfully thrown out by production sectors, health industries, educational institutions and market places. The major issue caused by water contamination is that it destroys the life of living organisms that are based on these water bodies. Crabs, dead fish, sea gulls and birds, dolphins, whales, and various other creatures usually wind up on seashores, killed by contaminants in their environment (living environment). Pollution also interrupts the natural food chain. Pollutants for example cadmium and lead are eaten by tiny creatures. Then, these creatures are consumed by shell-fish and fish, and hence the food chain carries on being disturbed at all advanced levels. Ultimately, people are also impacted by this process. The human beings can get illnesses for example liver disease by the consumption of poisoned sea-food. In any third world countries, there is always occurrence of cholera and illnesses due to the inadequate water treatment from infected waters. Ecosystems (the collaboration of living organisms at a place, based on one another other for life) can be seriously changed or damaged by water contamination. Several areas are now being exaggerated with reckless human contamination, and this pollution is returning to hurt people in several ways.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Aging and Hearing Loss :: Cognitive Geriatrics Essays

Aging and Hearing Loss Hearing loss is often overlooked because our hearing is an invisible sense that is always expected to be in action. Yet, there are people everywhere that suffer from the effects of hearing loss. It is important to study and understand all aspects of the many different types and reasons for hearing loss. The loss of this particular sense can be socially debilitating. It can affect the communication skills of the person, not only in receiving information, but also in giving the correct response. This paper focuses primarily on hearing loss in the elderly. One thing that affects older individuals' communication is the difficulty they often experience when recognizing time compressed speech. Time compressed speech involves fast and unclear conversational speech. Many older listeners can detect the sound of the speech being spoken, but it is still unclear (Pichora-Fuller, 2000). In order to help with diagnosis and rehabilitation, we need to understand why speech is unclear even when it is audible. The answer to that question would also help in the development of hearing aids and other communication devices. Also, as we come to understand the reasoning behind this question and as we become more knowledgeable about what older adults can and cannot hear, we can better accommodate them in our day to day interactions. There are many approaches to the explanation of the elderly's difficulty with rapid speech. Researchers point to a decline in processing speed, a decline in processing brief acoustic cues (Gordon-Salant & Fitzgibbons, 2001), an age-related decline of temporal processing in general (Gordon-Salant & Fitzgibbons, 1999; Vaughan & Letowski, 1997), the fact that both visual and auditory perception change with age (Helfer, 1998), an interference of mechanical function of the ear, possible sensorineural hearing loss due to damage to receptors over time (Scheuerle, 2000), or a decline in the processing of sounds in midbrain (Ochert, 2000). Each one of these could be a possible explanation; however it is often a combination of several of these causing a perceptual difficulty in the individual. Helfer (1998) recognized the slowing of our temporal perceptual processes with increasing age. He suggested that this leads to auditory deformity, especially in the instance of time compressed speech. Speech comprehension requires rapid processing of stimuli that is not always completed in time-compressed speech because of the shortening of phonemes and a decrease in pauses. Helfer went a step further by taking into account that hearing is not just auditory but it is also visual, in that we use cues like looking at the person's mouth or facial expression while having a conversation.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Lakota woman

Mary Crow Dog was a Native American who wrote the book Lakota Woman as her autobiography.   She was a half-blood Sioux Indian.   She was born on the year 1953 and lives at the Rosebud Sioux Indian Reservation located in the state of South Dakota.   Her given name was Mary Brave Bird.   She became Mary Crow Dog after marrying Leonard Crow Dog, a medicine man and a spiritual leader of AIM or American Indians Movement who is also responsible in reviving the ancient Indian culture and ceremonies including the sacred but outlawed Ghost Dance.   To date, Mary Crow Dog has already one daughter named Jennifer and three sons including her first child Pedro and the two from her husband, which they named June Bug and Anwah.   Lakota Woman was one of the two books authored by Mary Crow Dog. The book Lakota Woman started in a light manner where Mary begins to teach the readers some facts, which are not commonly known by many of us.   Ethnically speaking and as taught by Mary, Sioux was divided into two parts: the eastern and the western.   Eastern Sioux was called Dakota, and the Western Sioux was the Lakota.   It was almost the same except that Dakota people cannot pronounce the letter â€Å"L†. Technically, Lakota was a formation of a seven tribes in Western Sioux also known as seven Sacred Campfires.   One of the tribes was the Brule Tribe or Sicangu in a Lakotan language, which is also known as Burned Thighs, and which Mary described as great warriors as they were during their times.   In this tribe Mary Brave Bird belongs. It was in 1870 and 1880 when the Brule Tribe along with other Sioux were forced to put in a reservation camp and trying to create new people living in an Americanized way including living without horses and hunting which Indians are born to live with. Lakota Woman was merely a full-blown and a first-hand account of Mary’s life.   She collectively told everything she has experienced.   She said that it was really hard and difficult to survive in any reservation camp, especially growing women like her.   She lived fatherless in a one-room cabin inside the Rosebud Reservation.   There she stated stories of some Indian women close to her whom she known was undergone maltreatment and injustice practices such as making them infertile against their will, beaten by their husbands or any men, brutality from American authorities, and the worse scenario of being murdered. Mary’s experiences in a Catholic boarding school were more of a distressing one rather than making happy memories.   At her young age, she found out that being an Indian female is only a third-class human being.   Inside the boarding school, teachers and nuns were trying these Indian girls to be Americanized, got whipped and beaten whenever found any disobedience practices in accordance to their upright monastery standard, which includes practicing their native customs, values and language. Her adolescence was even worse especially when she decided to step out of the boarding school.   She confessed her life was even more miserable as she got hooked into drinking and smoking, used drugs, victimized by poverty, racism and cruelness of the outside world.   Mary was 14 then when she got raped.   Age 17 when Mary finally had the best decision of joining the American Indian Movement where she participated right away in the 71-day long Wounded Knee standoff at South Dakota.   Then she married Leonard Crow Dog. When her husband was arrested, Mary Crow Dog began empowering herself and made herself vigilant in her own way knowing that most Americans were trying to kill their old native traditions, religion and the ancient Indian heritage as a whole.   Her active involvement in the AIM was getting stronger and stronger as she learned to be a public figure, delivering public speeches, informing the public about the mission and vision of their movement.   While helping Leonard endure his prison life, she eventually established a new strength as she traveled to gain support for their advocacy of fighting for the rights of American Indians. Although the Lakota woman was originally wrote as an autobiography book having personal accounts of Mary, it has to be consider one of the essential pieces of history volumes because it noted numerous historical facts and events that are important in American Indian history.   For those who have scant knowledge about it, especially in this modern generation, reading Lakota Women would be a great help.   Our interests in Indian stories should not just stop by having a fascination with it because there is more in reality, which contains the good and bad sides of it that we have to know and understand well. R E F E R E N C E S Dog, Mary C. Lak â€Å"Lakota woman† In 1953 at the Rosebud Indian Reservation in South Dakota, one of the most controversial American Indian authors was born. Mary Brave Bird (Sioux Indian name) which will be Mary Crow Dog in the future and to be an active activist against racial discrimination by the American whites was the writer of the two famous books, Ohitika Woman and the Lakota Woman.Lakota Woman which had contributed to the Indian’s historical struggle against racial discrimination is the autobiography of Mary Crow Dog. Here she described in full details her stressful story as an Indian girl who defined herself as half-breed. Her father has the blood of an American white while her mother is a full-blooded Sioux woman. Unfortunately, Mary was looked down upon by whites and full blooded-Indians alike because whites despised the Indians and vice versa. In effect, she grew up without friends and a loner.Born by a Catholic mother, Mary was persuaded to be a believer of this faith. She grew up in an indecent n eighborhood where men are jobless, drunk and worthless. Women are even treated like slaves by their husbands. Having the blood of a white American, she was brought to a Catholic boarding school to Americanize her but Mary described her school environment comparative to prisons of the Nazi concentration camps.She escaped from her school when she cannot bear the harsh treatment and the grave discrimination against her. Being outside the campus she joined small groups of outsiders and found solace with their company. She learned how to live the hard way but ultimately also learn how to blend with the drifters and smoke marijuana. She also became an alcoholic and was involved with many troubles.Meeting a guy at the young age of 16, married and got pregnant eventually did not change her confused life. Mary was in constant motion and nowhere to go. She learned to live in the ghetto and had to be tough with the harsh environment.Mary believed and felt that she was more of an Indian rather than partly an American because she was always treated as one. She became a member of a movement called the American Indian Movement (AIM) where he met her future husband, Leonard Crow Dog. Leonard was an Indian activist and a medicine man of many villages. He is constantly on public speaking against racial discrimination of American Indians and spoke of their rights and speaking of injustices.   AIM, however, was founded in 1968 with the goal of fighting the white’s discriminatory justice and social system. Their movement was inspired from the revolutions of blacks against whites’ racism.Eventually, Mary’s amazement with Leonard’s eloquence got Mary’s interest and the two fell in love and finally married. But Leonard was 12 years older than Mary and marrying him was not easy. The family of Leonard does not agree with the relationship because she was not a pure Indian by blood. Her family does not accept Leonard either because he is not a Christi an. As they both fought for their love, eventually their love lead to marriage.One of the highlights of this book was the killing of one of the leaders of AIM by a white man in 1973. The murderer was not properly investigated and was quickly released without the proper trial. The American Justice system obviously was one-sided for the whites as in this case. The American Indians were outraged and riots were formed outside the court which led to destruction of properties, looting, and more fighting with the police. The struggle led to their grouping at the Wounded Knee. Wounded Knee was symbolical to the Sioux Indians as this is where in 1890, 300 Indian men, women and children were massacred by authorities fighting for their rights of their ancestral land.Mary participated in spite of being pregnant. She said she was ready to face any consequence if there would be an attack against them. Although the FBI and the federal government tried to stop their protest, their pleas for fair tr ial had not been heard. Riots again broke out which resulted in the killing of two Indians and several people injured including a white man.That same year, Leonard together with three of their members thought of bringing their case to Washington to personally state their grievance. But during Leonard’s absence, Mary’s uncle was murdered. Together with her son Pedro, she went to attend her uncle’s funeral. But on the way to her visit, the police snatched her, put her in prison and took her baby away. Leonard was outraged when he discovered about his wife’s events. He immediately went back from his meeting in Washington with an agreement in his hand and bailed out Mary out of prison.One of the uneventful things that Mary encountered was when she and her husband attended a ceremony for Indian rites in Washington. After the rite and about to go home, they found out that their gas tank was punctured and leaking. Two white men who obviously are the culprit were still there and even laughing at them.Confronting them, they began to attack Leonard, pulling his long hair and pushing him over. The commotion attracted a number of Indians and approached to help. Incidentally, some white men with their baseball bats appeared from nowhere and attacked all the Indians. Mary run to the police car parked nearby but instead of helping them they left and did not intervene. Later, they learned that one of the popular pastimes of these whites was to beat up Indians roaming in their area.Leonard was a decent man and popularly known as a medicine man with no interest in politics. But to the white community, he was an activist, a rebel and a dangerous person especially after his stint at the Wounded Knee. The federal government knew that he has a great influence over all the Indians in the reservation areas and would listen to him. Eventually, a criminal plot was staged against him and the white’s influence in the federal court has led to his arrest. He was jailed with a 200,000 US dollar fine.Mary had no option but to earn this money through public speaking on behalf of her husband’s imprisonment and the need to raise the money. Although money has been raised and he was freed, their house was burned down afterwards and attacks against AIM members resulted in many killings. Until now, their cases have never been investigated (Wolf).Work Cited:Wolf, Dan. â€Å"Lakota Woman.† 2006. http://ericstoller.com/blog/2006/03/30/lakota-woman/.